一二课堂协同培养卓越化学教师和化学拔尖人才——北京师范大学化学学院一二课堂协同育人机制创新探究

北京师范大学化学学院坚持教书与育人相统一,认真贯彻落实全员全过程全方位育人要求,立足学科特点,围绕立德树人重要任务,以人才培养实际需求为核心,以改革第二课堂培养模式为重点,不断加强第二课堂科学化建设,着力推动第一、第二课堂在形式、内容、师资等方面互通、互补、互融,探索2个课堂协同合力育人新路径,有力提升了培养卓越化学教师和化学拔尖人才的育人实效。     

Prospective teachers’ unified understandings of the structure of identities

United States curriculum standards advise mathematics teachers to teach students to attend to structure and understand how mathematical concepts are related. This requires teachers to have a structural perspective and a coherent, unified understanding of mathematical structures that span curricula. This study explores Prospective Secondary Mathematics Teachers’ (PSMTs) unified understandings of identities and characterizes the structural features of identities that PSMTs attend to. I contribute a theoretical framework of three ways in which PSMTs reason about identities: a do-nothing element, a result of undoing something, and a coordination with inverse, binary operation, and set. I classify the level of coherence of their identity schemas demonstrated as they reasoned about the structural connections among additive, multiplicative, and compositional identities. I illustrate how having unified, coherent understandings of identities can lead PSMTs to reason productively about inverse and identity functions, while having incoherent understandings of identities can lead to inaccurate reasoning about inverse and identity functions. I conclude with teaching implications for fostering PSMTs’ unified understandings of algebraic concepts.     

Does collaborative and experiential work influence the solution of real-context estimation problems? A study with prospective teachers

Although it is a challenge for primary school teachers, real-context estimation problems can be used as an introduction to mathematical modeling. With this aim, we designed a two-phase activity: in the first phase, 224 prospective teachers developed individual action plans to solve a sequence of real-context estimation problems in the classroom; in the second phase, they completed the solution of the same problems working in groups in the real location where the four problems were contextualized. A comparative study showed that, in the second phase, prospective teachers were able to adapt their solutions to contextual features detected in situ that had not been anticipated in the action plans developed during the first phase. Two-phase modeling activities, which permit a comparison of different perspectives on problems, facilitate the experience of collaborative work. These activities could be incorporated into prospective teachers’ initial training as a useful resource for improving their problem-solving expertise.     

The development of instructional guidelines for elementary mathematical writing

Mathematical writing recently has been defined as writing to reason and communicate mathematically. But mathematics instructional resources lack guidance for teachers as to how to implement such writing. The purpose of this paper is to describe how methods of design-based research were used to develop an instructional resource when one does not currently exist. Thirty-four participants—including teachers, mathematics coaches, mathematics curriculum developers, literacy coaches, a mathematician, and academics in elementary mathematics education, mathematics education, writing education, and science education—participated in a multi-step process to recommend, revise, and confirm instructional guidelines for elementary mathematical writing. The development process began with thirty-two recommendations from science writing and language arts writing. Through multiple cycles of feedback, five instructional guidelines and related considerations and techniques for implementation of elementary mathematical writing emerged.     

A study of factors impacting elementary mathematics preservice teachers: Improving mindfulness,anxiety, self-efficacy,and mindset

Innovation is more imperative now than ever before given the upcoming shortage in prepared teachers and the need to produce students with a strong knowledge of mathematics. A sense of urgency is impacting teacher education/preparation programs as instructional practices need to discover how to arm teachers to increase the number of students to be not only college-ready but also desiring to pursue Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics majors. As such, the purpose of this study, was to determine how the four variables (mindfulness, mathematics anxiety, self-efficacy, and mindset) are interconnected within preservice elementary teachers (PSETs), and how we as teacher educators can better address these variables within our own PSETs. Each semester included three seminars with similar overall foci including the four variables. Participants in this study were recruited from Elementary Education students at an east south central regional university enrolled in a mathematics methods course. Thirty-seven participants were divided into control (N = 20) and treatment (N = 17). In this article, we present both qualitative and quantitative results from our mixed-methods study that considered these questions. With the results of this study revealing an inter-connectedness among the four variables, this research further informs the teacher educator community.     

Transferring specialized content knowledge to elementary classrooms: preservice teachers’ learning to teach the associative property

This study explores how preservice teachers (PSTs) transfer the intended specialized content knowledge (SCK) to elementary classrooms. Focusing on the case of the associative property of multiplication, we compared three PSTs’ SCK during enacted lessons in fourth grade classrooms with their own learning in professional development (PD) settings. Findings revealed the PSTs’ successes and challenges in unpacking an example task, especially in areas of making connections between concrete and abstract representations and asking deep questions that target quantitative interactions. Factors that may have supported or hindered PSTs’ SCK transfer include the complex nature of teacher knowledge, the PD effort and the outside factors such as the support from textbooks and cooperating teachers. Implications for teacher education and directions for future research are discussed.     

Beyond the professional development academy: Teachers' retention of discipline‐specific science content knowledge throughout a 3‐year mathematics and science partnership

The Teacher Academy in the Natural Sciences (TANS) provided middle school (U.S. Grades 6–8) teachers (N = 81) with intensive professional development (PD) in chemistry, geosciences, and physics, with teachers enrolled in one scientific discipline per year. Because some teachers were retained and rotated into different disciplines, the TANS program investigated retention of science content 1–2 years beyond an instructional year. All teacher participants exhibited significant gains (p < .001), in chemistry, geosciences, or physics content, between their incoming knowledge and the 10‐day summer academy's conclusion. Chemistry and geosciences content were retained until the end of the PD year. Physics participants reported a significant loss (p < .001), although gains from teachers' incoming knowledge were still significant. When retention was measured beyond the instructional year, only the geosciences content was retained. Chemistry and physics gains were not retained, with no significant differences between incoming teachers' knowledge and content 1–2 years post instruction. Our research indicates that science content support is needed after PD programs, and importantly, that the support differs between scientific disciplines.     

农民工的中等职业教育、在职培训与工资——基于校正多元样本选择偏差的分析

将雇主提供一年期及以上合同的工作作为稳定就业,将农民工的就业状态分为稳定就业、非稳定就业、未就业三种,在校正多元样本选择偏差的基础上估计了农民工稳定就业的工资方程和非稳定就业的工资方程,重点分析了中等职业教育和在职培训对农民工工资的影响.结果表明,中等职业教育对农民工获得稳定就业具有显著的正向影响,中等职业教育和在职培训对农民工稳定就业和非稳定就业的工资均具有正向影响,但对稳定就业工资的影响要显著大于对非稳定就业工资的影响.因此,政府应当继续加大农村地区职业教育的投入,同时鼓励用工企业对农民工开展与工作技能相关的在职培训,从而使农民工获得更为稳定的就业和更高的工资水平,顺利实现市民身份的转换.